Interplay Between Osteoporosis and Periodontitis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
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Abstract
Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both prevalent chronic conditions characterized by bone loss, albeit in different anatomical sites. There is growing evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these two diseases, indicating potential common pathophysiological pathways and shared risk factors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the interplay between osteoporosis and periodontitis, including the underlying mechanisms, epidemiological evidence, and clinical implications. Mechanistic insights into the crosstalk between bone metabolism and periodontal tissues, such as inflammatory mediators, hormonal factors, and genetic predispositions, will be discussed. Epidemiological studies examining the association between osteoporosis and periodontitis, along with potential confounders and effect modifiers, will be critically appraised. Furthermore, clinical implications for the management of patients with concurrent osteoporosis and periodontitis will be highlighted, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized treatment approaches. Understanding the complex relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis is essential for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes in both conditions.
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